The Coccidian Genus Cyclospora

Compiled by
Donald W. Duszynski1, Steve J. Upton2, and Lee Couch1

1Department of Biology, University of New Mexico
2Division of Biology, Kansas State University

Supported by NSF-PEET DEB 9521687

COPYRIGHT NOTICE: Copyright 1998. Material at this site is intellectual property and is protected by the International Berne Convention Treaty and by copyright laws of the United States of America. Permission hereby is granted by the authors for individuals to make copies of any portion of this work for personal or classroom use, without fee, providing that the information is not distributed for profit or for commerical advantage. Any use of this information for scientific purposes, such as contained in taxonomic review articles, books, book chapters, or monographs, MUST be accompanied by an appropriate credit citing the above authors by name and acknowledging NSF grant PEET DEB 9521687. Any use of this information for profit or other commercial gain must be negotiated with the authors.

Updated: 2 May 1999
Comments: eimeria@unm.edu (Duszynski)
or coccidia@ksu.edu (Upton)


The genus Cyclospora Schneider, 1881 is characterized by oocysts with 2 sporocysts, each sporocyst with 2 sporozoites. Although a number of species from rodents and insectivores appear to be valid, perhaps all species from reptiles are misidentifications of Isospora or Sarcocystsis spp.

Cyclospora angimurinensis Ford, Duszynski, & McAllister, 1990

Host: Chaetodipus hispidus (Rodentia)
Reference: Ford et al. 1990

Cyclospora ashtabulensis Ford & Duszynski 1989

Host: Parascalops breweri (Insectivora)
Reference: Ford & Duszynski 1989

Cyclospora caryolytica Schaudinn, 1902

Host: Parascalops breweri, Scapanus latimanus, Talpa europea, T. micrurua (Insectivora)
References: Agostinucci 1955, 1956; Canning et al. 1973; Duszynski & Wattam 1988a; Eimer 1870;
Golemansky 1979; Grassi 1882a; Henry 1932; Loser & Gonnert 1965; Schaudinn 1902; Tanabe 1938

Cyclospora cayetanensis Ortega, Gilman, & Sterling, 1994

Synonym: Cryptosporidium cayetanensis Tauxe, 1997
Synonym: Cyclospora cayetenensis Duluol, Heyer, Beaugerie, & Chatelet, 1996, lapsus
Synonym: Cyclospora sp. Ortega et al. 1992
Synonym: Isospora sp. Ashford, 1979
Host: Homo sapiens; perhaps chimpanzees and baboons as well (Primates)
Select references: Ashford 1979; Ashford et al. 1993; Ortega et al. 1992, 1993, 1994, 1998; Smith et al. 1996

Cyclospora cercopitheci Eberhard, da Silva, Lilley & Pieniazek, 1999

Host: Cercopithecus aethiops (African green or vervet monkey)
References: Eberhard et al. 1999

Cyclospora colobi Eberhard, da Silva, Lilley & Pieniazek, 1999

Host: Colobus guereza (Colobus monkey)
References: Eberhard et al. 1999

Cyclospora glomericola Schneider 1881

Host: Glomeris sp. (Myriapoda)
References: Janiszewska 1963; Schneider 1881

Cyclospora megacephali Ford & Duszynski, 1988

Host: Scalopus aquaticus (Insectivora)
Reference: Ford & Duszynski 1988

Cyclospora niniae Lainson, 1965

Host: Ninia sebae sebae (Serpentes)
Reference: Lainson 1965

Cyclospora papionis Eberhard, da Silva, Lilley & Pieniazek, 1999

Host: Papio anubis (Olive baboon)
References: Eberhard et al. 1999

Cyclospora scinci Phisalix, 1924

Synonym: Coccidium scinci Phisalix 1923
Host: Scincus officinalis (Sauria)
References: Phisalix 1923a, 1924a

Cyclospora parascalopi Ford & Duszynski, 1989

Host: Parascalops breweri (Insectivora)
Reference: Ford & Duszynski 1989

Cyclospora sp. Duszynski & Wattam, 1988

Host: Talpa europea (Insectivora)
Reference: Duszynski & Wattam 1988b

Cyclospora sp. Ford & Duszynski, 1989

Host: Parascalops breweri (Insectivora)
Reference: Ford & Duszynski 1989

Cyclospora sp. Yamamoto, 1933

Host: Hemidactylus frenatus (Sauria)
References: Reichenbach-Klinke & Elkan 1977; Upton et al. 1991; Yamamoto 1933
Upton et al. (1991) noted this was a misidentification of an isosporan

Cyclospora talpae Pellerdy & Tanyi, 1968

Host: Talpa europea (Insectivora)
References: Duszynksi & Wattam 1988a; Duszynksi & Wattam 1988b; Mahnert 1972;
Mohamed & Molyneux 1990; Pellerdy & Tanyi 1968

Cyclospora viperae Phisalix, 1923

Synonym: Cyclospora babaulti Phisalix, 1923
Host: Vipera aspis, V. berus (Serpentes)
References: Lavier 1939; Phisalix 1923b, 1924c, 1924d, 1933
Oocysts appear to be a misidentifications of Sarcocystis spp.
The developmental stages probably represent a mixture of Sarcocystis spp. and other coccidia

Cyclospora zamenis Phisalix, 1924

Synonym: Cyclospora tropiconoti Phisalix, 1924
Host: Coluber scalaris, C. viriflavus, Coronella austriaca, Natrix natrix, N. stolata, N. viperinus (Serpentes)
References: Grassi 1882a, 1882b; Phisalix 1924b, 1924e, 1933

References

Agostinucci, G. 1955. Contributo alla conoscenza dei coccidi di Talpa europea. Rivisti di Parassitologia 16: 217-220.

Agostinucci, G. 1956. Contributo alla conoscenza dei coccidi di Talpa europea. Rendiconti Instituto Superiore di Samita 19: 405-407.

Ashford, R.W. 1979. Occurrence of an undescribed coccidian of man in Papua New Guinea. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 73: 497-500.

Ashford, R.W., Warhurst, C.D., and Reid, G.D.F. 1993. Human infection with Cyanobacterium-like bodies. Lancet 341: 1034.

Dollfus, R.-Ph. 1961. Station experimentale de parasitlogie de Richelieu (Indre-et-Loire) Contribution a la faune parasitaire regionale. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee 36: 174-354.

Duszynski, D.W. and Wattam, A.R. 1988a. Coccidian parasites (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from Insectivores. V. ten forms from the moles of Japan (Euroscaptor, Mogera spp.). Journal of Protozoology 35: 55-57.

Duszynski, D.W. and Wattam, A.R. 1988b. Coccidian parasites (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from Insectivores. IV. Four new species in Talpa europaea from England. Journal of Protozoology 35: 58-62.

Eimer, T. 1870. Ueber die ei- oder Kugelformigen sogenannten Psorospermien der Wirbelthiere. Ein Beitrag sur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Gregarinen und sur Kenntniss dieser Parasiten als Krankheitsursache. A. Stuber's Verlangshandlung, Wurzburg. pp. 1-58.

Ford, P.I. and Duszynski, D.W. 1988. Coccidian parasites (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from Insectivores. VI. Six new species from the eastern mole, Scalopus aquaticus. Journal of Protozoology 35: 223-226.

Ford, P.I. and Duszynski, D.W. 1989. Coccidian parasites (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from Insectivores. VII. Six new species from the hairy-tailed mole, Parascalops breweri. Journal of Parasitology 75: 508-513.

Ford, P.I., Duszynski, D.W., and McAllister, C.T. 1990. Coccidia (Apicomplexa) from heteromyid rodents in the southwestern United States, Baja California, and northern Mexico with three new species from Chaetodipus hispidus. Journal of Parasitology 76: 325-331.

Golemansky, V.G. 1979. On the coccidia (Coccidia: Eimeriidae) of small mammals from the Parangalitsa, Ropotamo and Sreburna reserves in Bulgaria. Acta Zoologica Bulgaria 12: 12-26.

Grassi, M. 1882a. Intorno ad alcuni protisti endoparassitici ed appartenenti alle classi dei Flagellati, Lobosi, Sporozoi e Ciliati. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturali di Milano 24: 135-224.

Grassi, M. 1882b. Sur quelques protistes endoparasites appartenant aux classes des Flagellata, Lobosa, Sporozoa et Ciliata. Archives Italiennes de Biologie, Turin 2: 402-445.

Henry, D.P. 1932. Observations on coccidia of small mammals in California, with description of seven new species. University of California Publications in Zoology 37: 279-290.

Janiszewska, J. 1963. Stan badan nad fauna pasozytow bezkregowcow w polsce. Wiadomosci Parazytologiczne 9: 309-314.

Lainson, R. 1965. Parasitological studies in British Honduras. II.- Cyclosporaniniae sp. nov. (Eimeriidae, Cyclosporinae) from the snake Ninia sebae sebae (Colubridae). Annales of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 59: 159-163.

Lavier, G. 1939. Sur une coccidie atypique de Vipera aspis. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee 17: 37-44.

Loser, E. and Gonnert, R. 1965. Aur bildung der sklerotinhulle der oocysten einiger coccidien. Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde 25: 597- 605.

Mahnert, V. 1972. Grahamella und sporozoa als blutparasiten alpiner Kleinsauger. Acta Tropica 29: 88-100.

Mohamed, H.A. and Molyneux, D.H. 1990. Developmental stages of Cyclospora talpae in the liver and bile duct of the mole (Talpa europaea). Parasitology 101: 345-350.

Ortega, Y.R., Sterling, C.R., Gilman, R.H., Cama, V.A., and Diaz, F. 1992. Cyclospora cayetanensis: a new protozoan pathogen of humans. Proceedings of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Abstract No. 289. Allen Press, Lawrence, KS. P. 210.

Ortega, Y.R., Sterling, C.R., Gilman, R.H., Cama, V.A., and Diaz, F. 1993. Cyclospora species-a new protozoan pathogen of humans. New England Journal of Medicine 328: 1308-1312.

Ortega, Y.R., Gilman, R.H., and Sterling, C.R. 1994. A new coccidian parasite (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from humans. Journal of Parasitology 80: 625-629.

Ortega, Y.R., Sterling, C.R., and Gilman, R.H. 1998. Cyclospora cayetanensis. Advances in Parasitology 40: 399-418

Pellerdy, L. and Tanyi, J. 1968. Cyclospora talpae sp. n. (Protozoa: Sporozoa) from the liver of Talpa europaea. Folia Parasitologica (Praha) 15: 275-277.

Phisalix, M. 1923a. Coccidiose des voies biliaires d'une lezard de la famille des Scindides, le Scincus officinalis Laur. Bulletin de la Societe de Pathologie Exotique 16: 408-409.

Phisalix, M. 1923b. Coccidiose intestinale de la Vipere aspic a Cyclospora viperae n. sp. Bulletin de la Societe de Pathologie Exotique 16: 637-642.

Phisalix, M. 1924a. Coccidiose intestinale du Scincus officinalis Laur., a Cyclospora scinci nov. sp. Bulletin du Museum National D'Histoire Naturalle, Series 1 30: 100-101.

Phisalix, M. 1924b. Cyclospora zamensis nov. sp., coccidie a localisation intestnale de Zamenis viridiflavus Lacep. Bulletin du Museum National D'Histoire Naturalle, Series 1 30: 501-502.

Phisalix, M. 1924c. Note complementaire sur Cyclospora viperae coccidie parasite de l'intestin de la Vipere aspic. Bulletin de la Societe de Pathologie Exotique 17: 559-562.

Phisalix, M. 1924d. Coccidiose intestinale de Vipera berus a Cyclospora babaulti nov. sp. Bulletin de la Societe de Pathologie Exotique 17: 868-871.

Phisalix, M. 1924e. Cyclospora tropidonoti, nov. spec., coccidie intestinale de la couleuvre a collier. Bulletin de la Societe de Pathologie Exotique 17: 871-873.

Phisalix, M. 1925. Cyclospora viperae infecte egalement la couleuvre d"Esculape et la couleuvre de Montpellier. Bulletin du Museum National D'Histoire Naturalle, Series 1 31: 423-425.

Phisalix, M. 1933. Coccidiose intestinale a Cyclospora viperae chez la couleuvre viperine, la couleuvre lisse et la couleuvre a echelons. Bulletin de la Societe de Pathologie Exotique. 26: 415-420.

Reichenbach-Klinke, H.-H. and Elkan, E. 1977. Krankheitein der Reptilien. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart and New York, 228 pp.

Schaudinn, F. 1902. Studien uber krankheitserregende protosoen. I. Cyclospora caryolytica Schaud., der erreger der perniciosen enteritis des maulwurfs. Arbeiten aus dem Kasserlichen Gesundheitsamte, Berlin 18: 378-416.

Schneider, A. 1881. Sur les psorospermies oviformes ou coccidies especes nouvelles ou peu connues. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale 9: 387-404.

Smith, H.V., Paton, C.A., Girdwood, R.W.A., and Mtambo, M.M.A. 1996. Cyclospora in non-human primates in Gombe, Tanzania. Veterinary Record 138: 528.

Tanabe, M. 1938. On three species of coccidia of the mole, Mogera wogura coreana Thomas, with special reference to the life history of Cyclospora caryolytica Keijo Journal of Medicine 9: 21-52.

Upton, S.J., Hanley, K., Case, T.J., and McAllister, C.T. 1991. Description of Isospora schlegeli n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from gekkonid lizards in the South Pacific. Canadian Journal of Zoology 69: 3108-3110.

Yamamoto, K. 1933. Studien uber die Kokzidien. Fukuoka Acta Medica 26: 40-43.