The Coccidia of Passeriformes
(Eimeria spp.)

Compiled by
Donald W. Duszynski1, Steve J. Upton2, and Lee Couch1

1Department of Biology, University of New Mexico
2Division of Biology, Kansas State University


Supported by NSF-PEET DEB 9521687 9521687

COPYRIGHT NOTICE: Copyright 1998. Material at this site is intellectual property and is protected by the International Berne Convention Treaty and by copyright laws of the United States of America. Permission hereby is granted by the authors for individuals to make copies of any portion of this work for personal or classroom use, without fee, providing that the information is not distributed for profit or for commerical advantage. Any use of this information for scientific purposes, such as contained in taxonomic review articles, books, book chapters, or monographs, MUST be accompanied by an appropriate credit citing the above authors by name and acknowledging NSF grant PEET DEB 9521687. Any use of this information for profit or other commercial gain must be negotiated with the authors.

Updated: 2 May 1999
Comments: eimeria@unm.edu (Duszynski)
or coccidia@ksu.edu (Upton)


NOTE: It is likely that many of the eimerians below are pseudoparasites.

Eimeria anili Haldar, Ray, & Mandal, 1982

Host: Sturnus contra (Asian pied starling - Sturnidae)
Reference: Haldar et al. 1982

Eimeria balozeti Yakimoff & Gousseff, 1938

Host: Sturnus vulgaris (Common starling - Sturnidae)
Reference: Yakimoff & Gousseff 1938

Eimeria depuytoraci Cerna, 1976

Host: Sylvia borin (Garden warbler - Sylviidae); Sylvia curruca (Lesser whitethroat - Sylviidae)
References: Cerna 1976; Svobodova 1992, 1994

Eimeria grallinida Reece, 1989

Host: Grallina cyanoleuca (Magpie-Lark or mudlark - Grallinidae)
Reference: Reece 1989
Only hepatic developmental stages were reported.

Eimeria lucknowensis Misra, 1947

Host: Motacilla alba (White or pied wagtail - Motacillidae)
Reference: Misra 1947
This has the appearance of a saurian pseudoparasite.

Eimeria malaccae Chakravarty & Kar 1944

Host: Lonchura malacca (Chestnut munia - Estrildidae)
Reference: Chakravarty & Kar 1944

Eimeria paradisaeai Varghese, 1977

Host: Paradisaea raggiana (Count Raggi's bird of Paradise - Paradisaeidae)
References: Varghese 1977, 1987
Varghese (1987) implies that other species in the family may harbor this coccidian.

Eimeria saubenovae Dzerzhinskii & Kairullaev, 1989

Host: Lanius collurio (Red-backed shrike - Laniidae)
Reference: Dzerzhinskii & Kairullaev 1989

Eimeria sp. of Faust & Pappas, 1977

Host: Sturnus vulgaris (Common starling)
Reference: Faust & Pappas 1977

Eimeria sp. of Grulet, Landau, Millet, & Baccam, 1985

Host: Passer domesticus (House sparrow - Ploceidae)
Reference: Grulet et al. 1985

Eimeria sp. of Labbe, 1893

Synonym: Coccidium roscoviensis of Labbe, 1893, pro parte
Host: Motacilla alba (White or pied wagtail - Motacillidae)
Reference: Labbe 1893

Eimeria sp. of Varghese & Yayabu, 1981

Host: Diphyllodes magnificus (Magnificent bird of Paradise - Paradisaeidae)
Reference: Varghese 1981


References

Ahmed, A.K. 1992. Isospora solimanae sp. nov. from the Egyptian hoopoe (Upupa epops major). Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology 22: 583-590.

*Allmacher, G. 1968. Die Kokzidien von Vogeln im Zoo. PhD Dissertation, Munich.

Amoudi, M.A. 1988a. Isospora elmahalensis n. sp. (Apicomplexa, Eimeriidae), a parasite of the white-cheeked bulbul (Pycnonotus leucogenys) in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Protozoology 34: 26-27.

Amoudi, M.A. 1988b. Two new species of Isospora from Indonesian birds. Journal of Protozoology 35: 116-118.

Amoudi, M.A. 1990. The life cycle of Isospora elmahalensis in the white-cheeked bulbul (Pycnonotus leucogenys). Bulletin of the Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica Academia 29: 265-272.

Anpilogova, N.V. 1965. On the finding of coccidia of the genus Isospora Schneider in domestic birds. Doklady Academii Nauk Tadzhikskoi SSR 8: 44-46.

Anpilogova, N.V. 1970. Coccidia of the genus Isospora in poultry from Tajikistan. Parazitologia 4: 288-295.

*Anwar, M. 1964. Types of schizogony in Isospora infections of the greenfinch (Chloris chloris). Parasitology 54: 9p-10p.

Anwar, M. 1966. Isospora lacazei (Labbe, 1893) and I. chloridis sp. n. (Protozoa: Eimeriidae) from the English sparrow (Passer domesticus), Greenfinch (Chloris chloris) and Chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs). Journal of Protozoology 13: 84-90.

Anwar, M. 1966. Cytochemical studies on infections with Isospora lacazei. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 60: 428-429.

Anwar, M. 1972. Isospora erithaci sp. n. (Protozoa, Eimeriidae) from the redbreast (Erithacus rubecula). Acta Protozoologica 10: 263-266.

Aragao, H. de B. 1933. Considerations sur les hemogregarines des oiseaux. Comptes Rendues de la Societe de Biologie de Rio de Janeiro 113: 214-215.

Barre, N. and Troncy, P.-M. 1974. Note sur une coccidie rencontree chez quelques Ploceidae du Tchad: Isospora xerophila n. sp. Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde 44: 139-147.

*Basanov, P.I. 1952. Materialy k faune vozastioi i sezonnoi dinamiki koktsidii krupnogo rogatogo skota v Kazakhstane. PhD dissertation, Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan.

Bhatia, B.B., Chauhan, P.P.S., Arora, G.S., and Agrawal, R.D. 1972. Observations on some coccidian infections in birds and a mammal at the Delhi Zoo. Indian Journal of Animal Science 42: 625-628.

Bhatia, B.B., Chauhan, P.P.S., Arora, G.S., and Agrawal, R.D. 1973. Species composition of coccidia of some mammals and birds at the Zoological Gardens, Dehli and Lucknow. Indian Journal of Animal Science 43: 944-947.

Bhatia, B.B., Pande, B.P., and Garg, R.K. 1970. Coccidian infection of the Pariah kite. Indian Journal of Microbiology 10: 49-52.

Blanc, E. and Grulet, O. 1985. Isospora vagoi n. sp. parasite de Poephila guttata (Mandarin d'elevage). Bulletin du Museum National D'Histoire Naturalle, Paris 4, series 7, section A: 401-405.

Boughton, D.C. 1929. A note on coccidiosis in sparrows and poultry. Poultry Science 8: 184-188.

Boughton, D.C. 1930. The value of measurements in the study of a protozoan parasite Isospora lacazei (Labbe). American Journal of Hygiene 11: 212-226.

Boughton, D.C. 1933. A coccidial infection in a bird of paradise. Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde 6: 147-149.

Boughton, D.C. 1933. Diurnal gametic periodicity in avian Isospora. American Journal of Hygiene 18: 161-184.

Boughton, D.C. 1937a. Isospora volki n. sp., a new avian coccidian. Journal of Parasitology 23: 97-98.

Boughton, D.C. 1937b. Notes on avian coccidiosis. The Auk 54: 500-509.

Boughton, D.C. 1937c. Studies on oocyst-production in avian coccidiosis. II. Chronic isosporan infections in the sparrow. American Journal of Hygiene 25: 203-211.

Boughton, D.C., Atchley, F.O., and Eskridge, L.C. 1935. Experimental modification of the diurnal oocyst-production of the sparrow coccidium. Journal of Experimental Zoology 70: 55-74.

Boughton, D.C, Boughton, R.B., and Volk, J. 1938. Avian hosts of the genus Isospora (Coccidiida). The Ohio Journal of Science 38: 149-163.

Box, E.D. 1970. Atoxoplasma associated with isosporan oocyst in canaries. Journal of Protozoology 17: 391-396.

Box, E.D. 1975. Exogenous stages of Isospora serini (Aragao) and Isospora canaria sp. n. in the canary (Serinus canarius Linnaeus). Journal of Protozoology 22: 165-169.

Box, E.D. 1977. Life cycles of two Isospora species in the canary, Serinus canarius Linnaeus. Journal of Protozoology 24: 57-67.

Box, E.D. 1981. Isospora as an extraintestinal parasite of passeriforme birds. Journal of Protozoology 28: 244-246.

Canestri Trotti, G. and Franceschini, F. 1981. Isospora sp. in Sturnus vulgaris. Parassitologia 23: 152-154.

Carpano, M. 1937. Sui coccidi degli uccelli e su di una partcolare Isospora osservata nelle pirrule (Isospora perronciti n. sp.). Rivista di Parassitologia 1: 259-269.

Cawthorn, R.J. and Wobeser, G.A. 1985. Exogenous and endogenous stages of Isospora brachyrhynchi sp. n. (Protozoa: Eimeriidae) from the American crow Corvus brachyrhynchos Brehm. Canadian Journal of Zoology 63: 2639-2645.

Cerna, Z. 1956. Prispevek k poznani husich kokeidii. Vestnik Ceskoslovenske Spolecnosti Zoologicke 20: 366-371.

Cerna, Z. 1974. Une anomalie de la sporuation de la coccidie des oiseaux: Isospora lacazei (Eimeriidae). Journal of Protozoology 21: 481-482.

Cerna, Z. 1976. Relationship of oocysts of "Isospora buteonis" from the barn-owl (Tyto alba) to muscle cysts of sarcosporidians from the house mouse (Mus musculus). Folia Parasitologica (Praha) 23: 285.

Chakravarty, M. and Kar, A.B. 1944a. Studies on the coccidia of Indian birds I. One the life history of Isospora lacazei (Labbe). Journal of the Department of Science, Calcutta University 1: 78-80.

Chakravarty, M. and Kar, A.B. 1944b. Studies on the coccidia of Indian birds II. Observations on several species of coccidia of the sub-families Cyclosporinae and Eimeriinae. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Science B 20: 102-114

Chakravarty, M. and Kar, A.B. 1946. XXVII.-A study on the coccidia of Indian birds. Proceedings of the Royal Society (Edinburgh) B 62: 225-233.

Chatterjee, T.P. and Choudhury, A. 1976. A new species of Isospora (Sporozoa: Eimeriidae) from the redbreasted flycatcher, Muscicapa parva Bechstein. Proceedings of the Zoological Society, Calcutta 29: 103-107.

*Claassen, R. 1923. Die Entwicklungformen der Isospora lacazei, beim Zeisig. Vet. Med. Inaug. Diss, Berlin. 18 pp.

Condorelli, M. and de Fiore, C. 1892. Un caso di psorospermosi intestinale nel Coccothraustes vulgaris. Bollettino della Societa Avoicc'la Italiana. Romana Pergli Studi Zoologici 1: 68-74.

*Cooper, H. and Gulati, A.N. 1926. On the occurrence of Isospora and Balantidium in cattle. Mem. Dept. Agric. India, Vet. Ser. 3: 191-193.

Cringoli, G. and Quesada, A. 1990a. Isospora couderti sp. n., Isospora aycardii sp. n. chez Cisticola jundicis (Cisticole des joncs) (Passeriformes: Sylviidae) et Isospora landauae sp. n. chez Muscicapa hypoleuca (Gobe-Mouche) (Passeriformes: Muscicapiidae). Annales de Parasitologie humaine et Comparee 65: 167-169.

Cringoli, G. and Quesada, A. 1990b. Indagini preliminari sull'attivita dell' associazione sulfachinossalina, sulfadimetossina e diaveridina nei confronti di Isospora spp. nel fanello (Carduelis cannabina). Rivista di Parassitologia 7: 301-308.

Cringoli, G. and Quesada, A. 1991. Isospora mcquistioni and Isospsora bioccai (Apicomplexa, Eimeriidae): Two new coccidian parasites from Carduelis sinica (Passeriformes: Fringillidae). Journal of Protozoology 38: 577-580.

*Cringoli, G., Quesada, A., and Papparella, V. 1989a. Preliminary findings about the diffusion of Isospora and Caryospora species in wild birds (Passeriforms and Falconiforms). Proceedings of the 5th International Coccidiosis Conference, Tours, France. 17-20 October, 1989. pp.

*Cringoli, G., Quesada, A., and Papparella, V. 1990a. Le Isospora del Cardellino. Conv. SOIPA.

*Cringoli, G., Papparella, V., Quesada, A., and Scebba, S. 1989b. Sulla presenza di protozoi del genere Isospora in Passeriformes e Faloniformes. Conv. SOIPA, Forli (Italy), 1989, 15-16, September. pp.

*Cringoli, G., Papparella, V., Quesada, A., and Scebba, S. 1990b. Sulla presenza di protozoi del genere Isospora (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) in Passeriformes e Falconiformes: indagini prelliminari. Zootecnica International, Giugno, 132-146.

Davronov, O. 1985. On the coccidial fauna of partridges in South Uzbekistan. Uzbekskii Biologischeskii Zhurnal 0(1): 47-49.

Doflein, F. 1909. Lehrbuch der Protozoenkunde. Eine Darstellung der Naturgeschichte deer Protozoen mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der Parasitischen und Pathogenen Formem. II. Auflage der "Protozoen als Parasiten und Krankheitserreger." Verlag von Gustav Fischer, Jena. 914 pp.

Faust, B.S. and Pappas, P.W. 1977. A survey of coccidia and helminth parasitess of birds at the Columbus (Ohio) Zoo. Journal of Zoo Animal Medicine 8: 18-23.

Gajadhar, A.A., Wobeser, G., and Stockdale, P.H.G. 1983. Coccidia of domestic and wild waterfowl (Anseriformes). Canadian Journal of Zoology 61: 1-24.

Galli-Valerio, B. 1929. Notes de Parasitologie. Centralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. I. Abteilung Originale 112: 54-60.

Galli-Valerio, B. 1931. Notes de Parasitologie. Centralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. I. Abteilung Originale 120: 98-106.

Galli-Valerio, B. 1932. Notes de Parasitologie. Centralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. I. Abteilung Originale 125: 129-142.

Galli-Valerio, B. 1933. Notes de Parasitologie. Centralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. I. Abteilung Originale 129: 422-433.

Galli-Valerio, B. 1935. Parasitologische Untersuchungen undParasitologische Technik. Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. I. Abteilung Originale 135: 318-327.

*Glebezdin, V.S. 1964. On new species of coccidia from chickens. Izvestiya Academaii Nauk SSR seriya Biol. Nauk 3: 87-??

*Golemansky, V. 1964. Especes et biologie des coccidies des oiseaux en Bulgarie. III. Coccidies des oies (Anser anser anser). God. Soffii. Univ. Biol. Beol. Georgr. Fak. 56: 89-104.

Golemansky, B. 1976a. On the coccidia (Coccidia, Eimeriidae) of wild birds in Bulgaria. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica 5: 59-68.

Golemansky, V. 1976b. Three new coccidian species (Coccidia: Eimeriidae) found in wild birds from Bulgaria. Acta Protozoologica 12: 399-404.

Golemansky, V. 1977. Two new Isospora species (Coccidia: Eimeriidae) found in wild birds from Bulgaria. Acta Protozoologica 16: 11-14.

Golemansky, V.G. and Kyuljieva, D.K. 1981. New data of the coccidia fauna (Sporozoa, Coccidia) found in wild birds of economic importance in Bulgaria. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica 18: 15-22.

Gottschalk, C. 1969. Kokzidien aus Thuringen und der Oberlausitz. Angewandt Parasitology 10: 229-232.

Gottschalk, C. 1972. Beitrag zur Faunistik der Vogelkokzidien Thuringens und Sachsens. Betrage zur Vogelkunde, Leipzig 18: 61-69.

Gottschalk, C. 1987. Untersuchungen zur Kokzidiose des Graukranichs (Grus grus, Linne, 1758). In: Erkrankungen der Zootiere. Verhandlungsberichte des 29. Internationalen Symposiums uber die Erkrankungen der Zootiere, 20-24 May, 1987, Cardiff, Ippen, R. and Schroder, H.-D., editors. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin. pp. 125-130.

Gousseff, W.F. 1935. Zur frage der Coccidien der Einhufer. Archiv fur Wissenschaftliche und Praktische Tierheilkunde 68: 67-73.

Grulet, O., Landau, I., and Baccam, D. 1982. Les Isospora du moineau domestique; multiplicite des especes. Annales de Parasitologie humaine et Comparee 57: 209-233.

Grulet, O., Landau, I., Millet, P., and Baccam, D. 1985. Les Isospora du Moineau I -- Complements a l'etude systematique. Annales de Parasitologie humaine et Comparee 60: 155-160.

Grulet, O., Landau, I., Millet, P., and Baccam, D. 1986a. Les Isospora du Moineau II -- Etudes sur la biologie. Annales de Parasitologie humaine et Comparee 61: 161-192.

Grulet, O., Landau, I., Millet, P., and Baccam, D. 1986b. Les Isospora du Moineau III -- Action elective de la primaquine sur les formes d'attente. Annales de Parasitologie humaine et Comparee 61: 193-198.

Hadley, P.B. 1910. Studies in avian coccidiosis. III. Coccidiosis in the English sparrow and other wild birds. Centralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. I. Abteilung Originale 56: 522-523.

Hegner, R. and Chu, H.J. 1930. A survey of protozoa parasitic in plants and animals of the Philippine Islands. Philippine Journal of Science 43: 451-480.

Helman, R.G., J.M. Jensen, and R.G. Russell. 1984. Systemic protozoal disease in zebra finches. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 185: 1400-1401.

Henry, D.P. 1932. Isospora buteonis sp. nov. from the hawk and owl, and notes on Isospora lacazii (Labbe) in birds. University of California Publications in Zoology 37: 291-300.

Hernandez Rodriguiz, S., Calero Carretero, R., Becerra Martell, C., Dominguez de Tena, M., Moreno Montanez, T., and Martinez Gomez, F. 1976. Ultraestructura de las fases intestinales de Isospora lacazei Labbe 1893 en Carduelis carduelis. Revista Iberica de Parasitologia 36: 67-79.

Hosoda, S. 1928. Studien uber Entwicklung und Vermehrung der Isospora lacazei Labbe. Fukushima Igaku Zasshi 21: 885-930. (german summary 49-52).

Johnson, W.T. 1923. Avian coccidiosis. Poultry Science 2: 146-163.

Jones, J. 1968. Some parasites of the common crow, Corvus brachyrhynchos Brehm, from Ohio. The Ohio Journal of Science 68: 25-31.

Kawazoe, U., Gouvea, H., Jorge, P., Caputo, C.M.E., & Perdigao, J.C. 1989. A survey of intestinal coccidiosis from wild birds from the Itatiaia National Park, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Journal of Protozoology 36(Supplement 64): 11A.

Labbe, A. 1893a. Sur les coccidies des oiseaux. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, Series 3 116: 1300-1303.

Labbe, A. 1893b. Sur les coccidies des oiseaux. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, Series 3 117: 407-409.

Labbe, A. 1894. Sur la coexistence, chez le meme hote, d'une coccidie monosporee et d'une coccidie polysporee. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, Series 3 119: 537-539.

Labbe, A. 1896. Recherches zoologiques, cytologiques et biologiques sur less coccidies. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale 24: 517-654.

Labbe, A. 1899. Sporozoa. In: Das Tierreich. Eine Zusammenstellung und Kennzeichnung der rezenten Tierformen, Butschli, O., editor. Verlag von R. Friedlander und Sohn, Berlin. pp. 1-180.

Lainson, R. and Shaw, J.J. 1989. Two new species of Eimeria and three new species of Isospora (Apicomplexa, Eimeriidae) from Brazilian mammals and birds. Bulletin du Museum National D'Histoire Naturalle, Paris, Series 4, Section A, 11: 349-365.

Laveran, A. 1898. Sur les modes des reproduction d'Isospora lacazii. Comptes Rendues des Sciences de la Societe de Biologie 5: 1139-1142.

Levine, N.D. 1982a. Isospora passeris n. sp. from the house sparrow Passer domesticus, I. lacazei, and related Apicomplexan protozoa. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 101: 66-74.

Levine, N.D. 1982b. Isospora vanriperorum n.nom. for I. cardinalis Levine, Van Riper & Van Riper, 1980, preoccupied. Journal of Protozoology 29: 653.

Levine, N.D. 1982c. The genus Atoxoplasma (Protozoa, Apicomplexa). Journal of Parasitology 68: 719-723.

Levine, N.D. and Mohan, R.N. 1960. Isospora sp. (Protozoa: Eimeriidae) from cattle and its relationship to I. lacazei of the English sparrow. Journal of Parasitology 46: 733-741.

Levine, N.D., Van Riper, S., and Van Riper, C. 1980. Five new species of Isospora from Hawaiian birds. Journal of Protozoology 27: 258-259.

Mandal, A.K. 1965. Studies on some aspects of avian coccidia (Protozoa: Sporozoa). 6. The occurence of Isospora sp. in goats with redescription of Isospora lacazei (Labbe, 1893) from some common Indian birds. Journal of the Assam Scientific Society (Gauhati) 8: 71-75.

Mandal A.K. 1970. Studies on some aspects of avian coccidia (Protozoa, Sporozoa). Part IV. Occurrence and distribution of coccidian parasites in Indian birds. Records of the Zoological Survey of India 63: 23-39.

Mandal, A.K. 1976. Coccidia of Indian Vertebrates. Records of the Zoological Survey of India 70: 39-120.

Mandal, A.K. 1987. Fauna of India and the Adjacent Countries. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta. 462 pp.

Mandal, A.K. and Bhattacharya, A. 1969. A biometrical study of the oocysts of Isospora lacazei (Labbe), a common parasite of the house sparrow, Passer domesticus Linnaeus. In: Progress in Protozoology, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Protozoology, July 2-10, 1969, Leningrad. Stelkov, A.A., Sukhanova, K.M., and Raikov, I.B., editors. Nauka, Leningrad. pp. 341-342.

Mandal, A.K. and Bhattacharya, A. 1970. A biometrical study of the oocyst of Isospora lacazei (Labbe), a common parasite of the house sparrow, Passer domesticus Linnaeus. Archiv fur Protistenkunde 112: 145-150.

Mandal, A.K. and Chakravarty, M.M. 1964. Studies on some aspects of avian coccidia [Protozoa: Sporozoa]. 2. Five new species of Isospora Schneider, 1881. Proceedings of the Zoological Society, Calcutta 17: 35-45.

Mathey, W.L. 1966. Isospora buteonis Henry 1932 in an American kestrel (Falco sparverius) and a Golden Easgle (Aquila chrysaetos). Bulletin of the Wildlife Disease Association 2: 20-22.

Matschoulsky, S.N. 1941. Coccidia of wild birds in Buryatii. Trudy Buryet-Mongol'skoi Zooveterinarnogo Instituta 2: 143-152.

McQuistion, T.E. 1990. Isospora daphnensis n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the medium ground finch (Geospiza fortis) from the Galapagos Islands. Journal of Parasitology 76: 30-32.

McQuistion, T.E. and Capparella, A. 1992a. Isospora sagittulae, a new coccidian parasite (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the spotted antbird (Hylophylax naevioides). Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 111: 365-368.

McQuistion, T.E. and Capparella, A. 1992b. Two new coccidian parasites from the slate-colored grosbeak (Pitylus grossus) of South America. Journal of Parasitology 78: 805-807.

McQuistion, T.E. and Wilson, M. 1988. Four new species of Isospora from the small tree finch (Camarhynchus parvulus) from the Galapagos Islands. Journal of Protozoology 35: 98-99.

McQuistion, T.E. and Wilson, M. 1989. Isospora geospizae, a new coccidian parasite (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the small ground finch (Geospiza fulginosa) and the medium ground finch (Geospiza fortis) from the Galapagos Islands. Systematic Parasitology 14: 141-144.

Milde, K. 1980. Light and electron microscopical studies on Isospora species (Sporozoa) of sparrows. Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. 267: 297.

Misra, P.L. 1947. On three coccidian parasites, Wenyonella mackinnoni n. sp., Eimeria lucknovensis n. sp., and Isospora sp., from the intestine of the wagtail, Monacilla alba Linn. (Passeriformes: Motacillidae). Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Science B 25: 75-85.

*Nemeseri, L. 1949. Vizsgalatok nadar-coccidiumokrol, kulonos figyelemmelaz Isospora genusra. PhD Dissertaion, Budapest.

Nieschulz, O. 1935. Uber Coccidien der Schleiereule. Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. I. Abteilung Originale 92: 279-280.

*Orlov, N.P. 1956. Koktsidiozy sel'skokhozyaistvennykh zhivotnykh. Moskva.

Pande, B.P., Bhatia, B.B., Chauhan, P.P.S., and Garg, R.K. 1970. Species composition of coccidia of some of the mammals and birds at the Zoological Gardens, Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh). Indian Journal of Animals Science 40: 154-166.

Papparella, V. and Cringoli, G. 1991. Isospora nortoni sp. n. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) in serin (Serinus serinus) (Passeriformes: Fringillidae). Rivista di Parassitologia 8: 65-68.

*Patnaik, M.M. 1965. Isospora pellerdyi n. sp. from Indian peacock (Pavo cristatus). Indian Journal of Microbiology 5: 67-68.

*Patnaik, M.M. 1966. Remarks on coccidia species from Indian peacock (Pavo cristatus). Indian Journal of Microbiology 6: 53-54.

Patnaik, M.M. and Mohanty, D.N. 1969. Isospora gypsi n. sp. a new coccidian from the Indian vulture (Gyps bengalensis). Current Science 38: 316.

*Pavlov, P. 1942. Coccidienbefunde bei Saugetieren und Vogeln in Bulgarien. Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. I. Abteilung Originale 149: 317-319.

Pellerdy, L. 1967. Three new coccidia parasitic in Cuban birds (Protozoa: Sporozoa). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 13: 227-230.

Prattis, S.M., Cioffee, C.J., Reinhard, G., and Zaoutis, T.E. 1990. A retrospective study of disease and mortality in Zebra finches. Laboratory Animal Science 40: 402-405.

Quesada, A. and Cringoli, G. 1990. Su due nuova specie di Isospora del fanello Carduelis cannabina (Passeriformes: Fringillidae). Rivista di Parassitologia 7: 247-254.

Rakhamullina, N.K. and Svanaev, S.K. 1971. Some data on the coccidia in wild birds in Kazhakistan. Akademaii Nauk Kazhakskoii SSR, Trudy Instituta Zoologii 31: 171-177.

Ray, H.N. and Sarkar, A.C. 1967. On some new coccidia from the Indian passerine birds, Zosterops palpebrosa (Temm.), Lonchura malabarica (Linn.), L. punctulata (Linn.) and Passer domesticus (Linn.). Proceedings of the 54th Indian Science Congress 54: 448-449.

Ray. D.K., Shivnani, G.A., Oommen, M., and Bhaskaran, R. 1952a. A study on the coccidia of Himalayan birds. Proceedings of the 59th Indian Science Congress 59: 314.

Ray. D.K., Shivnani, G.A., Oommen, M., and Bhaskaran, R. 1952b. A study on the coccidia of some Himalayan birds. Proceedings of the Zoological Society, Bengal 5: 141-147.

Rivolta, S. and Delprato, P. 1881. L'ornitoiatria o la Medicina degli Ucelli Domestici e Semidomestici. Pisa. Luigi Lombardini, Pisa. 515 pp.

Rysavy, B. 1954. Prispevek k poznani kokcidii nasich i dovezenych obratlovcu. Ceskoslovenska Parasitologie 1: 131-174.

Satyanarayanacharyulu, N., Subbaraeo, T. and Jameschristopher, K. 1969. Isospora rajulii n. sp. from mynah. Indian Journal of Microbiology 9: 121-122.

Satyanarayanacharyulu, N., Subbaraeo, T. and Jameschristopher, K. 1970. Isospora lacazei var indicus in a sparrow. Science and Culture 36: 162-163.

Scholtyseck, E. 1954. Untersuchungen uber die bei einheimischen vogelarten vorkommenden Coccidien der Gattung Isospora. Archiv fur Protistenkunde 100: 91-112.

Scholtyseck, E. 1956. Untersuchungen uber die Coccidieninfektion bei Vogeln. Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Erste Abteilung, Originale. 165: 275-289.

Schwalbach, G. 1959. Untersuchungen und Beobachtungen an Coccidien der Gattungen Eimeria, Isospora und Caryospora bei Vogeln mit einer Beschreibung von sechzehn neuen Arten. Archiv fur Protistenkunde 104: 431-494.

Shamsuddin, M. and Jasim, M.K. 1980. Coccidia of some birds and mammals from Iraq. Bulletin of the Natural History Research Center, University of Baghdad 7: 81-110.

Sinha, C.K. and Sinha, S. 1979. Isospora concinnus sp. n. from a Sikkim red-headed tit, Aegithalos concinnus rubricapillus (Ticehurst). Acta Protozoologica 18: 455-460.

Sinha, C.K. and Sinha, S. 1978. Isospora capistrata sp. n. from a black-headed Sibia, Leioptila capistrata Vigors. Acta Protozoologica 20: 129-132.

Sinha, C.K., Sinha, S., Chattoraj, N., Bandyopadhyay, S., and Ghosh, K. 1978. Isospora ceylonensis sp. n. from a grey-headed fly catcher, Culicicapa ceylonensis calochrysea Oberholser. Acta Protozoologica 17: 503-507.

Sinha, C.K., Sinha, S., Chattoraj, N., Ghosh, K. and Bandyopadhyay, S. 1979. Record of an Isospora Schneider, 1881, from a black-headed sibia, Leioptila capistrata Vigors. Proceedings of the 66th Indian Science Congress 66: 113.

Sjobring, N. 1897. Beitrage zur Kenntnis einiger Protozoen. Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. I. Abteilung Originale 22: 675-684.

Skene, R.C., Remmler, O., and Fernando, M.A. 1981. Coccidia of Canada geese (Branta canadensis) at Kortright Waterfowl Park, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, with description of Isospora anseris n. sp. Canadian Journal of Zoology 59: 493-497.

Smith, T. and Smillie, E.W. 1917. Note on coccidia in sparrows and their assumed relation to blackhead in turkeys. Journal of Experimental Medicine 25: 415-420.

Stabler, R.M. and Kitzmiller, N.J. 1972. Isospora petrochelidon sp. n. (Protozoa: Eimeriidae) from the cliff swallow, Petrochelidon pyrrhonota. Journal of Protozoology 19: 248-251.

Stockdale, P.H.G., Sheard, A., and Cawthorn, R.J. 1985. excystation of Isospora brachyrhynchi Cawthorn and Wobeser, 1985 in vitro. Canadian Journal of Zoology 63: 2646-2648.

Svanbaev, S.K. 1955. A new species of coccidian from a turkey. Akademaii Nauk SSR, Trudy Instituta Zoologii 3: 161-163.

*Svanbaev, S.K. 1958. Fauna koktsidii dikikh kopytnykh zhivotnykh Kazakhstana. Trudy Instituta Zoologii, Akademaii Nauk Kazakhskoi SSR, 9: 187-197.

Swarup, M. and Chauhan, M.P.S. 1975. Isospora malabarica n. sp. from grey-headed mynah, Sturnia malabarica malabarica (Gmel.). Orissa Veterinary Journal 10: 18-19.

Todd, K.S., Ernst, J.V., and Hammond, D.M. 1967. Parasites of the black-billed magpie, Pica pica hudsonia (Sabine, 1823) from Northern Utah. Bulletin of the Wildlife Disease Association 3: 112-113.

Todd, K.S., French, R.A., and Meeham, T.P. 1988. Oocysts of Isospora ernsti n. sp. and Isospora blagburni n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the black-capped bulbul, Pycnonotus xanthopygos. Systematic Parasitology 11: 239-241.

*Tsygankov, A.A. 1950. K revizii vidovogo sostava koktsidii verblyudov. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Kazakhskoi SSR, Seriya Parazit. 8: 174-185.

Upton, S.J., Current, W.L., and Clubb, S.L. 1985. Two new species of Isospora (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from passeriform birds of South America. Systematic Parasitology 7: 227-229.

Upton, S.J., Erst, J.V., Clubb, S.L., and Current, W.L. 1984. Eimeria forresteri n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from Ramphastos toco and a redescription of Isospora graculai from Gracula religiosa. Systematic Parasitology 6: 237-240.

Upton, S.J., Marchiondo, A.A., and Williams, R.N. 1988. New species of Isospora (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from passeriform birds of Hawaii. Systematic Parasitology 12: 81-85.

Utebaeva, M.K. 1973. Infections of coccidia from some species of wild hens in Kazakistan. Vestnik Sel'skokhoz Nauki Kazakhstana 0(11): 81-84.

Varghese, T. 1977. Eimeria paradisaeai sp. n. and Isospora raggianai sp. n. from the Raggiana birds of paradise (Paradisaea raggiana sclater) from Papua New Guinea. Journal of Parasitology 63: 887-889.

Varghese, T. 1978. Isospora gallicolumbae sp. n. from Beccari's ground dove (Gallicolumba beccarii Salvadori) in Papua New Guinea. Journal of Protozoology 25: 425-426.

Varghesi, T. 1980. Coccidian parasites of birds of the avian order Columbiformes with a description of two new species of Eimeria. Parasitology 80: 183-187.

Varghese, T. 1987. Endoparasites of birds of paradise in Papua New Guinea. Veterinary Parasitology 26: 131-144.

Varghese, T. and Yayabu, R. 1981. A survey of coccidian and helminth parasites of birds in Papua New Guinea with special reference to the Birds of Paradise. In, Wildlife Disease of the Pacific Basin and Other Countries, Proceedings of the 4th International Conference of the Wildlife Disease Association, Sydney, Australia, August 25-28, 1981, Fowler, M.E., editor. Wildlife Disease Association, Sydney. pp. 102-107.

Wasielewski, T. 1904. Studien und Mikrophotogramme sur Kenntis der pathogene Protozoen. 1. Heft. III. Uber den Erreger einer Coccidienseuche bei Vogeln (Diplospora lacazei) Leipzig pp. 69-88.

*Welte, S.C. and Kirkpatrick, C.E. 1986. Syngamiasis in juvenile American robins (Turdus migratorius), with a note on the prevalence of other fecal parasites. Avian Diseases 30: 736-737.

Wenyon, C.M. 1926. Protozoology. A Manual for Medical Men, Veterinarians and Zoologists. Volume 2. William Wood and Company, New York. 1563 pp.

Williams, R.B. 1978. Notes on some coccidia of peafowl, pheasants and chickens. Veterinary Parasitology 4: 193-197.

Yakimoff, W.L. 1940. Isospora struthionis n. sp., coccidie de l'autruche africaine. Annales de Societe Belge de Medecine Tropical, Brussels 20: 137-138.

Yakimoff, W.L. and Gousseff, W.F. 1936a. A propos des coccidies des oiseaux Sauvages. Annales de Parasitologie humaine et Comparee 14: 449-456.

*Yakimoff, W.L. and Gousseff, W.F. 1936b. Isospora rocha-limai n. sp., parasita da pega, Pica pica L. Archivos do Instituto Biologico, Sao Paulo 7: 189-190.

Yakimoff, W.L. and Gousseff, W.F. 1938. Les coccidies du pinson (Fringilla coelebs L.). Annales de la Societe Belge de Medecine Tropicale 18: 523-525.

*Yakimoff, W.L. and Matikashwili, I. 1932. La coccidie du hibou. Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot. 25: 1045-???.

Yakimoff, W.L. and Matschoulsky, S.N. 1936a. Eine Kokzidieder der Dohle. Munchener Tierarztliche der Wochenschrift 87: 603.

Yakimoff, W.L. and Matschoulsky, S.N. 1936b. On the coccidia of birds of prey. Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society 55: 372-375.

Yakimoff, W.L. and Matschoulsky, S.N. 1937. Isospora strigis n. sp., eine neue Eulencoccidie. Archiv fur Protistenkunde 88: 286-288.

Yakimoff, W.L. and Matschoulsky, S.N. 1938. Les coccidies du corbeau. Annales de la Societe Belge de Medecine Tropicale 18: 527-528.

Yakimoff, W.L. and Matschoulsky, S.N. 1940. Coccidia of animals of the Zoological Gardens in Tashkent. Ecologischeskii Institute Parazitologischessi Sbornik, Akademii Nauk SSR, Leningrad 13: 236-248.

*Yakimoff, W.L., Matschoulsky, S.N., and Spartansky, O.A. 1937. Weitere Untersuchungen uber Kokzidiose bei den Rentieren. Berl. Tierarztl. Wchnschr. (VOL?) 322.

*Yakimoff, W.L., Sokoloff, I.I., and Matschoulsky, S.N. 1936. Ueber die Kokzidien des Rentieres. Berl. Tierarztl. Wchnschr. 52: 535-538.